Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumoretroperitoneum, and Pneumoscrotum following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in a Living Liver Donor

Abstract

Despite having many advantages, living donor liver transplantation has not been adopted by western countries due to risk of nearly life-threatening complications after living donor hepatectomy (LDH). Herein, we aimed at presenting the management of a 19-year-old patient who suffered life-threatening complications after right lobe LDH. A multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) revealed a bilioma at the cut surface of the remnant liver, for which a transhepatic drainage catheter was placed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed to decompress biliary tract, but the biliary tract could not be cannulized due to post-precut bleeding. On the next day, extensive crepitation was detected and MDCT showed subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, and pneumoscrotum (ERCP-related duodenal perforation?). However, the patient showed significant deterioration of physical examination findings, fever, and infectious parameters, and therefore was taken to the operating room. Kocher maneuver revealed no apparent duodenal perforation. Then, a 2-mm bile duct was found open at the caudate lobe, through which bile leaked. Then, common bile duct exploration and T-tube placement were performed, followed by suture closure of the bile orifice at the caudate lobe. Massive air previously identified completely disappeared one week after the operation.