Oro-Dental Health of Patients with Chronic Hepatic Failure

Abstract

Background: Patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) faced serious medical conditions including the oral cavity.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, saliva flow rate, and dental complications in candidates of liver transplant surgery.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, oral and dental health of 77 patients with CLF and 77 healthy individuals were assessed for oral mucosal lesions, salivation rate, DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, and bone level. To carefully determine the indices and examine the patients thoroughly, a panoramic radiography was also taken from each participant.

Results: The frequency of oral mucosal lesions in patients was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the comparison group. The most frequent lesion identified was angular cheilitis followed by candidiasis. The mean saliva flow rate in the patients (0.85 g/min) was also significantly (p<0.001) lesser than that in healthy individuals (1.58 g/min). The DMFT index and bone level were not significantly different between the two groups. Nor was a correlation between the MELD score and each of DMFT index, bone loss, or oral mucosal lesions.

Conclusion: Mucosal lesions, especially fungal-related lesions, are more prevalent in the oral cavity of patients with CLF. The saliva production rate is reduced due to various medications used in this group. Patients with CLF are prone to oral infections and a thorough oro-dental examination is crucial in this group of patients. Vigorous oral hygiene instructions should be offered to liver cirrhosis individuals.