The Social and Cultural Factors Influencing Organ Donation in Iran: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background: Although numerous studies have investigated organ donation in Iran, the evidence remains fragmented due to variations in study populations, methodologies, and research contexts. Synthesizing these findings is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the socio-cultural determinants associated with organ donation.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to characterize the existing evidence on organ donation research in Iran and synthesize socio-cultural factors associated with organ donation. 

Methods: This research was conducted using a systematic review methodology. The research domain is articles published between 2004 and 2022 that have investigated organ donation in Iran. A total of 44 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included and analysed. The data collection tool was a checklist created by the researcher in the form of a table with 21 variables.

Results: Most articles in this field employed quantitative methods. Less than 15% of the research focused on organ donation decision-makers. The study’s progression showed an upward trend until 2019. Recurring factors that impede organ donation include: Families’ disbelief in death, Lack of trust in medical staff, Concerns about regret, Certain personal beliefs, Hope for a miracle, Hope for the patient’s recovery, Religious interpretations inconsistent with organ donation, and Normative pressure from close relatives. Despite high public awareness of brain death, there’s less inclination towards organ donation in practice.

Conclusion: Overall, the systematic review of the examined articles indicates that while organ donation is a medical topic, it’s intricately linked with socio-cultural variables. Addressing socio-cultural barriers may contribute to improving organ donation rates in Iran.